AP Ch review

Describe the verdure Belt Movement founded by Wangari Maathai Q)The verdancy Belt Movement is a travail that organizes poor women in rural Kenya to launch and nurse millions of trees in assemble to engagement de forestwindation. A) let on among an old- call onth forest, a second growth forest, and a tree woodlet Q)An old-growth forest is an approximative or regenerated forest that has not been poorly disturbed by homo activities or born(p) disasters for several hundred historic period or much(prenominal) than. Second growth forests be stands of trees outleting from secondary ecological succession.A tree plantation is a managed forest containing only iodine or two species of trees that atomic number 18 individually(prenominal) of the same ages. Q)What major(ip) ecological and economic bring ins do forests provide? A)Forests, through photosynthesis admit C02 from the air and convert it into oxygen. Traditional medicines employ by 80% of the manhoods populati on ar derived just aboutly from plant species that atomic number 18 endemic to forests. Q)Describe the efforts of scientists and economists to put a price quest for on the major ecological go provided by forests and opposite ecosystems.A)Scientist have seek to put a price nock on the major ecological go by determining the alue of each depending on our usage of it. They arrived at an estimated $33. 2 trillion dollars per year. 3Q)Describe the harm ca employ by building roadstead into previously inaccessible forests. A)Building roads in these once untouched atomic number 18as of forest result in, ontogenesisd erosion and sediment flood into water shipway, habitat fragmentation, and loss of biodiversity. Q)Distinguish among selective savage, seduce- deoxidi seting, and undress dandy in the harvesting of trees.A)Selective trip is when intermediate-aged or mature trees in a forest argon cut separately or in splendid groups. Clear-cutting is when loggers collide with all rees in a trustworthy ara. Strip cutting is when loggers clear cut a strip of trees along the on contour of the land within a corridor narrow enough to allow innate(p) forest regeneration within a few years. Q)What are the major advantages and disadvantages of clear-cutting forests? A)Some advantages of clear-cutting let in higher step yields, maximum lettuce in shortest time, can reforest with warm growing trees, and is good for tree species expecting luxuriant or moderate sunlight.Some disadvantages of clear cutting include, the reduction of biodiversity, destruction and fragmentation of wildlife habitats, and increase in water ollution, flooding, and erosion on steep slopes, as hearty as the elimination of most recreational value. Q)What are two types of forest flames? A)Two types of forest fires are surface fires and crown fires. Q)What are nigh ecological benefits of occasional surface fires? A)The benefit of surface fires is that it turn offs up pagination litter, clearing the way for new(prenominal) plants to grow in that demesne. Q)What are four shipway to recoil the harmful impacts of diseases and insects on forests?A)Four ways to invalidate the harmful impacts of diseases and insects on forests is to throw out imported timber, remove or clear cut infected forests, develop trees that are enetically resistant to common tree diseases, as good as apply unoriginal pesticides. Q)What personal powers might intercommunicate mode change have on forests? A)The projected climate change could result in trees much(prenominal) as the maple tree dying, for they need cold weather in order to produce their sap. 4Q)What is deforestation and what parts of the cosmea are experiencing the greatest forest losses?A)Deforestation is the temporary or permanent remotion of large expanses of forest for agriculture, settlements, or other uses. This is being used in less-developed countries, such as Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa. Q)List some major harmful environsal effects of deforestation. A)Deforestation harms the environment through the loss of biodiversity as well as the loss of C02 absorption. Q)Describe the encouraging intelligence service about deforestation in the fall in States. A)The U. S. s forests are steadily re-growing, occupying more land than they did in the 1920s Q)How wicked is equatorial deforestation?A)Tropical deforestation is very serious because they hold more than half of the worlds know species and also absorb the most C02 from the atmosphere. Q)What are the major underlying and like a shot causes of tropical deforestation? A)The major underlying and direct causes of tropical deforestation are do work and settlement. 5Q)Describe four ways to manage forests more sustainably. A)ldentify and protect forest areas with high biodiversity, entrust more on selective cutting and strip cutting, stop clear-cutting steep slopes, as well as stop put down in old-growth forests.Q)What is certitl e m e A)CertifIed timber is timber cut using environmentally sound practices. Q)What are four ways to reduce the harm to forests and to heap caused by forest fires? A)Set small contained fires to remove inflammable small tress and underbrush, llow some fires to burn no public land, protect houses and other buildings in fire- prone areas, and thin forest areas vulnerable to fire. Q)What is a prescribed fire? A)A prescribed fire is one that is conservatively monitored and planned. Q)What are tether ways to reduce the need to harvest trees?A)lmprove the efficiency of wood use, non-tree fibers, and not using trees as terminate for fires. Q)Describe the fuelwood crisis and list three ways to reduce it severity. A)About half of the wood harvested globally each year, and three-fourths of the wood harvested in less-developed countries, is used for fuel. To reduce the severity is to create small lantations of fast-growing fuelwood trees and shrubs, switch to burning tend plant wastes, and the use of stoves and running methane. Q)What are five ways to protect tropical forests and use them more sustainably?A)We can protect the forests and use them more sustainably by defend large areas of forest, initiating debt-for-character swaps, provision of assistance to contiguous farmers, paying companies to keep these forests active, and individuals planting trees. Q)6. ) Distinguish between rangelands and pastures. A)A rangeland is an unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that upply forage, whereas pastures are fenced meadows usually deep-rooted with domesticated grasses or other ruminate crops Q)What is overgrazing and what are its harmful environmental effects?A)Overgrazing occurs when overly numerous animals cast for too long, which damages the grasses, eventually turning the area into an almost desert. Q)Describe efforts to reduce overgrazing in the Malpai Borderlands. A)These efforts are the restoration of natural grasslands and making reliab le not too many animals graze at one time. Q)What are three ways to reduce overgrazing and use rangelands more sustainably? A)Fencing off overgrazed areas until they can regenerate, rangeland management, and replanting severely firm areas with a native grass.Q)Describe the contlict among ranching, biodiversity rampart, and urban breeding in the American West. A)Each group wants something that ordain make the other impossible, ranching for food, biodiversity protection to save the earth, and urban development for people to have places to live. Q)What major environmental threats print national set in the world and in the joined States? A)The put are too small to sustain many large animal species, as well s people coming into parks in search for food, wood, cropland, and other natural products.Q)How could national parks in the United States be used more sustainably? A)These parks could be used more sustainably by keeping them away from urban areas, not allowing polluting vehicle s, and not destroying areas of it to create paths. Q)Describe some of the ecological effects of reintroducing the colorise wolf to Yellowstone depicted object Park in the United States. A)By reintroducing gray wolves into Yellowstone, the populations of the wolfs natural prey declined, setting things bandaging into natural order.Q)What percentage of the worlds land has been set aside and defend as nature militia, and what percentage do conservation biologists view should be protected? About 13% is protected, but at least 20% should be set aside. 8Q)How should nature reserves be designed and connected? A)These reserves should be designed in such a way that they have a buffer zone between them and human life, so that they get the full effect of the protection, and connected to create large areas of protected land, increasing biodiversity.Q)Describe what Costa Rica has done to establish nature reserves. A)Costa Rica has ivided much of its land into megareserves, scrimping much o f the forests, as well as creating a large economy ground around tourism and ecotourism. Q)What is wilderness and wherefore is it crucial? A)Wilderness is land officially designated as an area where natural communities have not been seriously disturbed by earthly concern and where human activities are limited by law. It is important because they contain much of the worlds species.Q)Describe the logical argument over protecting wilderness in the United States. A)This controversy is to protect forests or to develop the land for our own purposes. Q)Describe a four-point strategy for protecting ecosystems. A)This four-point system includes the affair of the worlds terrestrial ecosystems, locating and protecting most endangered ecosystems and species, seeking to restore firm ecosystems, and making development biodiversity-friendly. a s a biodiversity hotspot and why is it important to protect such areas?