Observation of Chemical changes Essay

Abstract The purposes of this lab is to observe the reactions of some common chemicals contained in consumer products and observe the macroscopic changes these chemicals undergo. Purpose The purpose of the lab is to be able to interpret underlying macroscopic changes in terms of the behavior of atoms and molecules and also to delay how to separate mixtures into their component substances by solubility.Procedures/Materials Needed1 Toothpicks1 Sheet of white and benighted paper1 Paper towel1 Distilled pee1 Small amounts of household cleaning products1 Goggle-safety1 Well-Plate-241 Well-Plate-961 Pipet, Empty Short Stem1 Aqueous ammonium hydroxide, 1M -1mL1 Bromthymol Blue, 0.04% 2 mL in Pipet1 Copper (II) Sulfate, 0.2 M 2 mL in Pipet1 FDC Blue Dye -1.0.1% 2 mL in Pipet1 Hydrochloric Acid, 1.0M-1 mL1 Lead (II) Nitrate, 0.2 M- 2 mL in Pipet1 PhenolphthaleinSolution1%1mL1 Potassium Iodide, 0.1 M-2 mL in Pipet1 Silver Nitrate, 0.1 N 2 mL in white Dropper Bottle1 sodium bi change, 1 M 2 mL in Pipet1 Sodium hydrated oxide, 1 M 1 mL1 Sodium Hypochlorite, 1% 2 mL in Pipet1 Starch Solution, 1% Stabilized 2 mL in Pipet1. For the following combinations of chemicals and using a opposite well of the 96-well musical scale for each combination, place 2 pipet drops of the first in one well and add 2 drops of the second chemical. Next observe the mixtures against the white and dark backgrounds by slipping white and black paper underneath the well plate. For each reaction record the well number of the mixture and your observations.a. Sodium Bicarbonate and Hydrochloric Acidb. Hydrochloric Acid and Bromothymol Bluec. Ammonia and Bromothymol Blued. Hydrochloric Acid and Blue Dyee. Blue Dye and Sodium Hypochloritef. Potassium Iodide and Lead Nitrateg. Sodium Hydroxide and Phenolphthaleinh. Hydrochloric Acid and Phenolphthaleini. Sodium Hydroxide and Silver Nitratej. Silver Nitrate and Ammoniak. Ammonia and Copper SulfateData and ObservationsSodium Hydroxide and Silver NitrateSilver Nitrate and AmmoniaAmmonia and Copper SulfateHint of pink when silver added looks like brown mudbrownSediment layer baby blue with dark layer on top.A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). How would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate?You would mix it with HCI and observe it for bubbles.B. You know what color phenolphthalein and Bromothymol blue turn when testing an acid or a base. Use the empty pipet in the Auxiliary Supplies Bag to test several household items including household cleaning products with Bromothymol. Name the items tested and record their results. What do these results mean?Bleach with Bromothymol Blue Yellow and blue layer/ it separates the acid and the base.Hand Soap with Bromothymol Blue Turned yellow which means its an acid.Ammonia with Bromothymol Blue Dark blue which means its a base.C. You found a sample of a dissolving agent that has a faint odor of vin egar. You atomic number 18 verifying that is indeed vinegar and you add a few drops of phenolphthalein. The sample turns pink. What assumption can you make ab emerge this sample.When turning pink it would mean it was a basic solution meaning the solution isnt vinegar because vinegar is an acid.D. You decided to investigate if the new wave of vitamin water is pH neutral incomplete to acidic nor to basic. Using Bromothymol blue, you select five flavors of Vitamin Water to test. Three of the flavor-samples turn a murkygreen, indicating the likelihood of acid/base balance. Of the two remaining, one turns clear yellow, while one remains blue. What can you assume about the acid/base content of these particular flavors of Vitamin Water.You could assume that the three were neutral, the more yellow solution was more acidic and the blue solution was basic.E. You have read that a new brand of hair tonic is supposed to contain lead (an trimmings in Grecian Formula). Devise a simple test to confirm the presence or absence of lead in that hair tonic.You could add atomic number 19 iodide and if in that location is lead it will effectuate.Results/Analysis The objective of the lab was to observe the macroscopic changes that pass off in chemical reactions and attempt to interrupt the macroscopic changes of the atoms and molecules that surrender for the macroscopic changes to happen. This taught me how to distinguish amongst acids and bases, how to differentiate between one chemicals reaction to many different other chemicals when added together and what these reactions mean. Errors that could have occurred were that the drops of chemicals could have easily been different sizes, which could have made the reactions different than if everything was an even ratio. Although since we were using such small amounts of each of the chemicals I feel the reactions were quit normal.Except for the silver nitrate and ammonia, there wasnt any reaction that was recorded because I feel we didnt use enough chemicals. We used our observations from another lab group whose paper dark brown after some time under a light. This error could have occurred because we didnt hold our tissue closer to the light bulb or long enough.Conclusion This lab experiment forces an individual to think critically as to what macroscopic changes are occurring and why they are occurring. It taught us the difference between acids, bases, and neutrals, also if two specific chemicals are mixed together such as, potassium iodide and lead nitrate it will take on a precipitate form. I also learned how important ratios are in an experiment. If one chemical is greater than another, than acompletely different reaction can occur than expected. With this said it is also important for us to learn how to separate mixtures into their component substance and solubility. If specific chemicals for example, HDI were greater in ratio than the reactions could have turned out much different. All in all, the en tire lab was presumably helpful and a great introduction for whats to come in class.